Saturday 14 June 2014

Forty-six transistors constructed on six CNTs is most complicated device of its kind to date

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SEM image of an eight-transistor (8-T) unit that was fabricated on two CNTs (marked with two white dotted lines). The scale bar is 100 µm. Credit: Pei, et al. ©2014 American Chemical Society As silicon-based electronics are predicted to reach their absolute limits on performance around 2020, new technologies have been proposed to continue the trend in the miniaturization of electronic devices. One of these approaches consists of constructing field-effect transistors (FETs) directly on carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The resulting devices are on the scale of mere nanometers, although their fabrication is still a challenge. Now in a new paper published in Nano Letters, researchers Tian Pei, et al., at Peking University in Beijing, China, have developed a modular method for constructing complicated integrated circuits (ICs) made from many FETs on individual CNTs. To demonstrate, they constructed an 8-bits BUS system—a circuit that is widely used for transferring data in computers—that contains 46 FETs on six CNTs. This is the most complicated CNT IC fabricated to date, and the fabrication process is expected to lead to even more complex circuits. Ever since the first CNT FET was fabricated in 1998, researchers have been working to improve CNT-based electronics. As the scientists explain

The post Forty-six transistors constructed on six CNTs is most complicated device of its kind to date has been published on Technology Org.

 
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copernicus quote print

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Decline of monarch butterflies linked to modern agriculture

Science Focus

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Monarch butterfly in the butterfly house at Palmitos Park in Gran Canaria.

The massive migration of monarch butterflies is amazing—the insects go from grazing on milkweed plants as caterpillars in the midwest to spending winters in Mexico. But Monarch populations have been on the decline for some time, with a variety of factors being considered: lost habitat in Mexico, damage from pesticides, or climate change.

Conservation strategy for a species that traverses thousands of miles is complicated business, so a team of scientists from the University of Guelph decided to sort out which factors were the most responsible for the monarch's population declines—changes at the breeding grounds, the wintering sites, or climate changes.

Their conclusions suggest that we can't blame deforestation in Mexico for this environmental problem. The monarchs are suffering from a lack of milkweed, the only plant the caterpillars eat. In fact, a model built by the researchers suggested that monarch populations were four times more sensitive to the loss of milkweed on their breeding grounds than the loss of the forested habitat in which they spend the winters.

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 » see original post http://feeds.arstechnica.com/~r/arstechnica/science/~3/193yDc6Z2YA/
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New SPAD Control System: High Efficiency, Low Error Rate

Science Focus

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By employing a technique analogous to the operation of noise-canceling headphones, PML researchers have created an exquisitely sensitive, semiconductor-based, single-photon detection system that has the highest reported detection efficiency of any device of its type and is capable of operating at gigahertz frequencies with very low noise. Such capabilities are in critical demand as part of the worldwide effort to provide practical and provably secure communication systems that encode information in the quantum-mechanical states of individual photons to generate secret encryption keys. A widely used technology for detecting those photons is the single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD).* But the performance of SPADs has, to date, been a limiting factor in the overall encryption system. One issue with SPADs, particularly those sensitive to telecom wavelengths, is a process called afterpulsing, in which an actual photon detection can sometimes cause a second, false output at a time when no photon was present. To suppress this, electronic signals are applied to the detector, but these signals are many orders of magnitude larger than the tiny signal generated by a single photon and can make it difficult to identify a definitive “hit” amid the electrical interference. The PML team attacked these problems by devising a

The post New SPAD Control System: High Efficiency, Low Error Rate has been published on Technology Org.

 
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 » see original post http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/TechnologyOrgPhysicsNews/~3/8zEn4-QKSZc/
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VIDEO: 'X-class' solar flares caught on film

Science Focus

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Images released by Nasa show the Sun releasing two "significant" solar flares on Tuesday. 
#science 
 » see original post http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-27806078#sa-ns_mchannel=rss&ns_source=PublicRSS20-sa
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Carina Nebula, Star Forming Gas-cloud Sculpture Stickers

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Galaxies, Stars and Nebulae series A beautiful space photograph featuring the 7500 light year distant Carina Nebula. This Hubble image shows rich, interstellar gas clouds feeding the formation of new stars. As a proto star forms, the gas clouds get dragged to its surface and some gets emitted as tight jets of material travelling at hundreds of miles per second. These in turn help sculpt the gas clouds into weird and grotesque shapes, some looking like strange worms, swimming through space.

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Image credit: NASA, the Hubble Heritage Team (AURA/STScI) and ESA

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Name, Orion Nebula and Trapezium Stars Gift Wrap Paper

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Galaxies, Stars and Nebulae series A gorgeous picture from the deep universe featuring the bubbling, seething mass of gas and dust that is the Orion Nebula, 1500 light years away and the closest star-forming region to us. The nebula is a star nursery in which there are birthing, new-born, young and adult stars. Look carefully in the brightest central region and you'll see the Trapezium, four of the most massive stars in Orion.
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Image credit: NASA, ESA, M. Robberto (Space Telescope Science Institute/ESA) and the Hubble Space Telescope Orion Treasury Project Team

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New York to London Milky Way

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Bright stars of Sagittarius and the center of our Milky Way Galaxy lie just off the wing of a Boeing 747 in this astronomical travel photo. The stratospheric scene was captured earlier this month during a flight from New York to London, 11,0000 meters above the Atlantic Ocean. Of course the sky was clear and dark at that altitude, ideal conditions for astronomical imaging. But there were challenges to overcome while looking out a passenger window of the aircraft moving at nearly 1,000 kilometers per hour (600 mph). Over 90 exposures of 30 seconds or less were attempted with a fast lens and sensitive camera setting, using a small, flexible tripod and a blanket to block reflections of interior lighting. In the end, one 10 second long exposure resulted in this steady and colorful example of airborne astronomy.

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Hubble Interacting Galaxy Arp 220 iPad Folio Case

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Liberating devices from their power cords: New structural ‘supercaps’ take a lickin’, keep on workin

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Close-up of structural supercapacitor. (Joe Howell / Vanderbilt) Imagine a future in which our electrical gadgets are no longer limited by plugs and external power sources. This intriguing prospect is one of the reasons for the current interest in building the capacity to store electrical energy directly into a wide range of products, such as a laptop whose casing serves as its battery, or an electric car powered by energy stored in its chassis, or a home where the dry wall and siding store the electricity that runs the lights and appliances. Andrew Westover, left, John Tian and Cary Pint admiring one of their supercapacitors. (Joe Howell / Vanderbilt) It also makes the small, dull grey wafers that graduate student Andrew Westover and Assistant Professor of Mechanical EngineeringCary Pint have made in Vanderbilt’s Nanomaterials and Energy Devices Laboratory far more important than their nondescript appearance suggests. “These devices demonstrate – for the first time as far as we can tell – that it is possible to create materials that can store and discharge significant amounts of electricity while they are subject to realistic static loads and dynamic forces, such as vibrations or impacts,” said Pint. “Andrew has managed to make our dream of

The post Liberating devices from their power cords: New structural ‘supercaps’ take a lickin’, keep on workin has been published on Technology Org.

 
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Fancy 3D printing something in space?

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Fancy 3D printing something in space?
Well, from August that's what folks will be doing with a 3D printer going into the ISS!

 #outerspace

 » see original post https://plus.google.com/116000959328274308893/posts/L5LDgCJV25V
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Introducing Earth's bigger, older brother: planet Kapteyn b (w/ Video)

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We now know of a potentially habitable planet five times the size of Earth that has existed for more than twice as long.



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Copernicus in the tower at Frombork Poster

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Copernicus in the tower at Frombork | by Jan Matejko | Art Location: Nicolaus Copernicus Museum, Frombork, Poland | Polish Artist | Image Collection Number: XPH330617

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Name, North American and Pelican Nebulae Gift Wrap Paper

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Galaxies, Stars and Nebulae series A gorgeous picture from outer space featuring the North American and Pelican emission nebulae in the constellation of Cygnus, The Swan. The red, green and yellow areas all highlight the cloud of interstellar ionised hydrogen.
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Image credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech

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Carina Nebula - Breathtaking Universe Star Sticker

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Galaxies, Stars and Nebulae series A gorgeous set of oval stickers showing the area surrounding the stellar cluster NGC 2467, located in the southern constellation of Puppis ("The Stern"). With an age of a few million years at most, it is a very active stellar nursery, where new stars are born continuously from large clouds of dust and gas.

The image, looking like a colourful cosmic ghost or a gigantic celestial Mandrill, contains the open clusters Haffner 18 (centre) and Haffner 19 (middle right: it is located inside the smaller pink region - the lower eye of the Mandrill), as well as vast areas of ionised gas.

The bright star at the centre of the largest pink region on the bottom of the image is HD 64315, a massive young star that is helping shaping the structure of the whole nebular region.

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image code: stlrnrsry

ESO/J. Emerson/VISTA www.eso.org
Reproduced under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported license.

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Cracks in Pluto's moon could indicate it once had an underground ocean

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If the icy surface of Pluto's giant moon Charon is cracked, analysis of the fractures could reveal if its interior was warm, perhaps warm enough to have maintained a subterranean ocean of liquid water, according to a new study.

via Science Daily

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Aromatic flavors of haze on Saturn's largest moon, Titan, recreated

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Scientists have created a new recipe that captures key flavors of the brownish-orange atmosphere around Saturn's largest moon, Titan. The recipe is used for lab experiments designed to simulate Titan's chemistry. With this approach, the team was able to classify a previously unidentified material discovered in the moon's smoggy haze.

via Science Daily

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