Monday 25 May 2015

‘Supercool’ material glows when you write on it

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A new material developed at the University of Michigan stays liquid more than 200 degrees Fahrenheit below its

The post ‘Supercool’ material glows when you write on it has been published on Technology Org.

 
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Students Measure Space Dust From as New Horizons Heads for Pluto

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An instrument built at the University of Colorado is analyzing space dust for the remnants of colliding objects to learn more about our solar system.








via New York Times

Hubble revisits tangled NGC 6240

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NGC 6240 lies 400 million light-years away in the constellation of Ophiuchus (The Serpent Holder). This galaxy has an elongated shape with branching wisps, loops and tails. This mess of gas, dust and stars bears more than a passing resemblance to a butterfly and a lobster. New research is untangling the reasons for its odd shape.
via Science Daily
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Radio telescope: Source of mystery signals at the dish

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Everyone likes solving a mystery, and the hunt for the source of strange signals detected by Australia's Parkes radio telescope is a classic. Although how "aliens" became involved in the story is more of a media mystery than a scientific one.
via Science Daily
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Can these glasses read your mind? A look at the Wild West of brain gadgets.

Science Focus

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The headset I was wearing was supposed to be reading my brain.

Seated across from its inventor, I slid on the sleek wireless device, called Narbis Neurofeedback Glasses. A five-pronged sensor sat on my head, dark lenses shaded my eyes, and two arms hooked behind my ears. As I read a book, the lenses darkened and cleared, allegedly in sync with the drift of my attention.

Devon Greco, the 29-year-old founder of Narbis, wanted to make a brain-training device to help users focus. And unlike most biofeedback tools, his wireless glasses can be used far from a computer screen. Narbis recently raised \$42,997 for its Neurofeedback Glasses in a Kickstarter campaign, and plans to sell the devices at \$295 apiece. The glasses are being targeted at athletes and clinicians who treat ADHD, among others.

But do they really work?

Brain gadgets are becoming ever more popular, as techniques for stimulating or recording from the brain migrate from labs to the garages of do-it-yourself inventors like Greco. Neurofeedback tools like Narbis are one popular trend; "brain zappers" that use transcranial direct cortical stimulation, or tDCS, are another.

The much-hyped tDCS is a cautionary tale. The technique is supposed to ease everything from depression to hyperactivi ty to back pain by electrically stimulating the brain. But amidst hope and enthusiasm, many scientists and entrepreneurs have confused "claims with reality," as Dr. Vincent Walsh cautioned his colleagues in the journal Brain Stimulation. "We constantly sex up our findings for the press, and the result is an understandably overoptimistic public, because we — no one else — have misled them."

Despite a 2008 Harvard study suggesting that tDCS lessens pain, more recent research paints a different picture. In a recent analysis for Cochrane, a World Health Organization-affiliated NGO, Neil O'Connell and colleagues showed that the evidence that tDCS reduces back pain is overwhelmingly weak.

Jared Horvath, a doctoral candidate at the University of Melbourne, used tDCS to study ADHD at Harvard for two years, without success, before deciding to investigate the tool itself. In a large meta-analysis of the brain zappers, he showed that few of the reported effects survive replication by multiple groups. The few that do are small effects that shrink over time, suggesting that the early positive results were misleading outliers.

As a 2012 paper pointed out, the sensationalization of biomedical devices often starts not with entrepreneurs, but with scientists, who spin reports of new discoveries.

"The scientist and the innovative entrepreneur have similar motivations," says O'Connell, a lecturer in physiotherapy at Brunel University in England. "They all want to discover something. Whether your vested interest is academic or entrepreneurial, there is an emphasis on discovery, but not on confirmation, not on rigorous replication."

Narbis' neurofeedback technology is based on work by Devon Greco's father, the late Domenic Greco. Domenic developed a patented brain-feedback device based on a NASA prototype that he used in psychotherapy with ADHD patients. A review of such neuro-feedback technology published last year in the journal Biological Psychology confirmed that the technique may work to reduce inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsiveness, but noted the small sample size and lack of placebo in many studies.

The review also addressed the "theta-beta ratio" on which Narbis' software is based, the measure of attention-related brainwaves developed by pioneering neurofeedback scientist Dr. Joel Lubar. According to research, this variable only affects 20 to 30 percent of ADHD children. So how the gadgets work remains unclear.

Narbis' marketing material, like that of many brain devices, makes claims both broad and specific. "By doing just two short training sessions a week, you can improve the overall performance of the brain," the website says. The company's promotional video adds, "Narbis can help you focus, sleep well, manage stress, and think clearly."

These claims are, of course, "falsifiable," as scientists say: testable hypotheses. But no such studies on the Narbis glasses have yet been done. The assertions are based on prior studies done by outside labs with similar setups, but not on the device the company is selling. The claims are, for now, more wishful marketing-speak than fact.

And while the FDA has approved commercial neurofeedback devices as safe (as long as they are not marketed to treat diseases), they don't have to meet any standard of effectiveness.

None of this means the device doesn't work, just that there is no way yet for consumers to know.

The problem, according to Brunel's O'Connell, starts with the bias toward positive results in science, along with hyperbolic terminology like "neuro-enhancement" and "brain boosting." New discoveries are published far more often than failures to reproduce previous results. These negative results, just as informative as successes, rarely see the light of day. Companies like Narbis have even less motivation to publish negative results.

"The things less incentivized are perhaps most important," O'Connell says. "When we [scientists] don't pay sufficient attention to the uncomfortable questions — low sample size, highly selected sample, loose exploratory statistics — then it isn't just the media who are responsible for hype."

"Of course, the idea of neurofeedback is incredibly intuitive and exciting, so it's no surprise that everyone wants to capitalize on it," says Todd Braver, an expert on cognitive control and a professor of psychology, neuroscience, and radiology at Washington University in St. Louis. "But we should be very wary of placebo effects — probably the most effective neurofeedback device there is: our belief system."

But that doesn't mean we should discourage companies like Narbis.

"I'm very happy for people to keep taking a crack at neurofeedback," says Braver. "That's what science is about anyway. What seem like crazy hare-brained ideas might actually work. But the main tenet of science is also: Show me the evidence. And we know what the history is with these 'neuroscience-inspired' products, software, gadgets: lots of claims and overblown arguments for support without really any direct evidence."

 
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 » see original post http://theweek.com/articles/555637/glasses-read-mind-look-wild-west-brain-gadgets
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Don’t (just) blame Facebook: We build our own bubbles

Science Focus

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We’ve all heard (or expressed) the concern that the Internet allows us to choose only those sources that agree with our ideology. The same “echo chamber” concern applies to social media, with an added twist—platforms like Facebook filter the content we’re shown based on what an algorithm thinks we’ll want to see. Is Facebook going to make sure we don’t have to see articles shared by the few friends we have that might challenge our views?

Given the fact that all your actions on Facebook leave a data trail, this is logistically a much easier question to answer than most. Several researchers at Facebook, led by Eytan Bakshy and Solomon Messing, dug into all that data to investigate.

They had plenty to work with. They limited the study to just the US users over 18 who listed political affiliations on their profile, logged in at least four times a week over the latter half of 2014, and clicked on at least one news/politics link. But they were still left with a tad over 10 million people to work with. (Names were stripped from the data, but in case you’re wondering, this is the kind of thing covered by the data policy you agree to when you sign up. Unlike the controversial “mood” study last year, there was no manipulation of content on Facebook for this study.)

Read 8 remaining paragraphs | Comments

 
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 » see original post http://feeds.arstechnica.com/~r/arstechnica/science/~3/f8Lb_xI56kQ/
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Faster, smaller, more informative

Science Focus

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A new technique invented at MIT can measure the relative positions of tiny particles as they flow through

The post Faster, smaller, more informative has been published on Technology Org.

 
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 » see original post http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/TechnologyOrgPhysicsNews/~3/Wa-BrEroq0Q/
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Carina Nebula - Breathtaking Universe Rectangular Sticker

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tagged with: stlrnrsry, star clusters, galaxies, starfields, awesome astronomy pictures, constellation puppis, the stern, star nurseries, exploring outer space, universe pictures, european southern observatory, nebulae, eso, vista

Galaxies, Stars and Nebulae series

A gorgeous set of oval stickers showing the area surrounding the stellar cluster NGC 2467, located in the southern constellation of Puppis ("The Stern"). With an age of a few million years at most, it is a very active stellar nursery, where new stars are born continuously from large clouds of dust and gas.

The image, looking like a colourful cosmic ghost or a gigantic celestial Mandrill, contains the open clusters Haffner 18 (centre) and Haffner 19 (middle right: it is located inside the smaller pink region - the lower eye of the Mandrill), as well as vast areas of ionised gas.

The bright star at the centre of the largest pink region on the bottom of the image is HD 64315, a massive young star that is helping shaping the structure of the whole nebular region.

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Image code: stlrnrsry

ESO/J. Emerson/VISTA www.eso.org
Reproduced under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported license.

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The Galaxy Tree

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NASA image: Hubble revisits tangled NGC 6240

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Not all galaxies are neatly shaped, as this new NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope image of NGC 6240 clearly demonstrates. Hubble previously released an image of this galaxy back in 2008, but the knotted region, shown here in a pinky-red hue at the center of the galaxies, was only revealed in these new observations from Hubble's Wide Field Camera 3 and Advanced Camera for Surveys.

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Orion Nebula Upright Bass Wall Sticker

Here's a great wall decal featuring a beautiful image from deep space


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Space image of the Orion Nebula on the shape of an upright bass.

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New shortcut to solar cells

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Rice University scientists have found a way to simplify the manufacture of solar cells by using the top

The post New shortcut to solar cells has been published on Technology Org.

 
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Vintage Astronomy, Hydra Snake Constellation Stars Poster

Here's a great poster featuring a beautiful image from deep space


tagged with: sky, serpent, constellations, retro, antique, americana, vintage, celestial map, star chart, astronomy, antique celestial

Vintage illustration astronomy and antique celestial constellation Hydra the snake. Hydra is the largest of the 88 modern constellations, measuring 1303 square degrees. It has a long history, having been included among the 48 constellations listed by the 2nd century astronomer Ptolemy. It is commonly represented as a water snake.

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Cats Eye Nebula Square Sticker

Here's a great sheet of stickers featuring a beautiful image from deep space


tagged with: nebulae, amazing astronomy images, tcenebnch, hubble chandra images, cats eye nebula, stellar evolution, dying star, red giant evolution, galaxies, outer space pictures, stars, nasa

Galaxies, Stars and Nebulae series A gorgeous design featuring a composite image of the Cat's Eye nebula from NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory and the Hubble Space Telescope.
This famous nebula represents a phase of stellar evolution after a star like our Sun runs out of fuel. In this phase, a star becomes an expanding red giant and sheds some of its outer layers, eventually leaving behind a hot core that collapses to form a dense white dwarf star. A fast wind emanating from the hot core rams into the ejected atmosphere, pushes it outward, and creates the graceful filamentary structures.
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image code: tcenebnch

Image credit: NASA/Chandra www.nasa.gov

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Orion Nebula Green Upright Bass Wall Graphic

Here's a great wall decal featuring a beautiful image from deep space


tagged with: orion, nebula, shape, cosmic, astronomy, green, upright, bass, upright bass, space image, space, image, pretty, aqua

Space image of the Orion Nebula on the shape of an upright bass.

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Orion Nebula Case For iPad Mini

Here's a great iPad case from Zazzle featuring a Hubble-related design. Maybe you'd like to see your name on it? Click to personalize and see what it's like!


tagged with: orion, nebula, rust, aqua, green, space, cosmic, astronomy, images, nasa, hubble

A lovely image of the Orion Nebula thanks to NASA/Hubble Space Telescope.

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