Monday, 23 June 2014

Chemists find a way to escape from flatland

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A boronic ester with a specific 3-D shape couples with an aromatic unit to create a new molecule which preserves the 3-D shape of the initial boronic ester in the final product A new method for coupling together secondary and tertiary boronic esters to aromatic compounds which preserves the 3-D shape of the boronic ester is described by researchers from the University of Bristol in Nature Chemistry today. The method could have widespread application in the development of new, more effective drugs. The method, discovered by Professor Varinder Aggarwaland colleagues in the School of Chemistry, fills a major gap in the Nobel prize-winning Suzuki-Miyaura reaction. Over a third of all potential pharmaceuticals tested have employed this particular carbon-carbon (C-C) bond forming reaction.  However, in the past, it has been limited to the creation of achiral, aromatic compounds, a class of essentially flat molecules which are now widely regarded as a major contributing factor to the failure of millions of biomolecules tested. Thus, there is a major drive in the pharmaceutical industry to ‘escape from flatland’ as awareness grows of the importance of creating biomolecules with 3-D architectures which have much greater clinical success. While many reliable methods are available for the easy

The post Chemists find a way to escape from flatland has been published on Technology Org.

 
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Webb telescope microshutters journey into NASA clean room

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NASA's James Webb Space Telescope microshutters have taken a short jaunt in preparation of its million mile journey in four years. The microshutters were moved into a NASA Goddard cleanroom for testing to verify they work correctly before being installed in the Webb's Near Infrared Spectrograph (NIRSpec) instrument.

via Science Daily

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Earth-size 'diamond' in space: Remarkable white dwarf star possibly coldest, dimmest ever detected

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Astronomers have identified possibly the coldest, faintest white dwarf star ever detected. This ancient stellar remnant is so cool that its carbon has crystallized, forming -- in effect -- an Earth-size diamond in space. The object in this new study is likely the same age as the Milky Way, approximately 11 billion years old.

via Science Daily

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New type of dust discovered in Martian atmosphere

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Scientists have discovered a new peculiarity of the Martian atmosphere. The scientists had analyzed satellite-acquired data and concluded that the dust particles in the planet's atmosphere can be of two types.

via Science Daily

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Organic conundrum in Large Magellanic Cloud

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A group of organic chemicals that are considered carcinogens and pollutants today on Earth, but are also thought to be the building blocks for the origins of life, may hold clues to how carbon-rich chemicals created in stars are processed and recycled in space.

via Science Daily

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3-D map shows dusty structure of the Milky Way

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Astronomers have created a detailed three-dimensional map of the dusty structure of the Milky Way – the star-studded bright disc of our own galaxy – as seen from Earth’s northern hemisphere.

via Science Daily

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All the sky, all the time: UK astronomers debate involvement in the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope

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The Large Synoptic Survey Telescope will be sited at Cerro Pachón in the Chilean Andes and will have a primary mirror 8.4 metres in diameter, making it one of the largest single telescopes in the world, as well as the world’s largest digital camera, comprising 3.2 billion pixels. It will achieve first light in 2020 and its main sky survey will begin in 2022.

via Science Daily

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Big solar blowouts hold clue to space weather

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Solar jets are ejections from the surface of the Sun, where 1-10 tons of hot material are expelled at speeds of up to 1000 kilometers per second. Using space based observatories like Hinode and STEREO, solar physicists have recently discovered a new type of jet known as ‘blowout’ jets, which seem to be like the Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) that can disrupt the magnetic field of the Earth, but on a much smaller scale. Now a scientist has created a 3-D model of these events for the first time, with compelling computer-generated simulations that match the jets’ appearance from space.

via Science Daily

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Sharper imaging using X-rays

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Physicists at HZB have developed a process to generate improved lenses for X-ray microscopy that provide both better resolution and higher throughput. To accomplish this, they fabricate three-dimensional X-ray optics for volume diffraction that consist of on-chip stacked Fresnel zone plates. These three-dimensional nanostructures focus the incident X-rays much more efficiently and enable improved spatial resolution below ten nanometers.



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Chaotic Sun Poster

Here's a great poster featuring a beautiful image from deep space


tagged with: sun, solar, star, space, science, astronomy, geek, nerd, solar system

The boiling chaos that is our sun, developed from SOHO imagery. Makes a nice addition to a collection of solar system posters.

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SpaceX to unveil Dragon V2 manned space taxi tomorrow—Ars will be there

Science Focus

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A SuperDraco thruster.

Yesterday, SpaceX invited press to view its Dragon V2 manned spacecraft on Thursday, May 29. Elon Musk, the commercial spaceflight company’s founder and CEO, wrote one month ago on Twitter that his company would show off "actual flight design hardware” of the Dragon V2, “not a mockup," in May. Ars will be in Los Angeles for the event, bringing you photos and news from the scene, but viewers can also watch from home—SpaceX will be offering a live webcast here at 7pm PDT.

The Dragon V2 will be an updated version of SpaceX’s current Dragon capsules, which are unmanned and have made several trips to and from the International Space Station (ISS) in the last two years. Work on the V2 has been partially funded and developed with help from NASA, which hopes to have a manned “space taxi” to shuttle crew and cargo into orbit by 2017.

That timing is important, as NASA shuttered its space shuttle program in 2011. Today, NASA depends on Russian Soyuz rockets to get astronauts to the ISS and pays Russia $71 million per seat in the shuttle. As tensions have grown between the US and Russia over foreign relations in Ukraine, it has become increasingly uncertain how much longer the US will be able to rely on Russia’s shuttle service.

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 » see original post http://feeds.arstechnica.com/~r/arstechnica/science/~3/TXGZJhq6kxI/
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First-of-its kind phase-coherent fiber laser array system

Science Focus

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The U.S. Army Research Laboratory’s Computational and Information Science Directorate’s Intelligent Optics Team, and partners, recently developed, engineered, demonstrated and delivered the world’s first known working Adaptive Phase Coherent Fiber Laser Array system, which will better enable Soldiers’ directed energy weapons and laser communication systems on the battlefield. The key members of the Intelligent Optics Team include Dr. Jiang Liu, electronics engineer, Dr. Leonid Beresnev, physicist, and Gary Carhart, electronics technician, all from CISD’s Atmospheric Sensing Branch. The development of the system spurred from a collaborative agreement between ARL, the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Lincoln Labs, Optonicus and various academic partners. ARL’s efforts were central to the recent successful DARPA real-world development of a 21-element optical phased array system, of which ARL developed and provided the low-power and high-power fiber subapertures and other key components including control electronics and operation software. The demonstration was part of DARPA’s Excalibur program, the overall goal of which is to develop coherent optical phased array technologies as an enabler for scalable laser weapons. The fiber laser array system, developed after more than a decade of research and testing, consists of phase locking and beam combining for multichannel, 7 and

The post First-of-its kind phase-coherent fiber laser array system has been published on Technology Org.

 
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 » see original post http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/TechnologyOrgPhysicsNews/~3/A3g1m3FSClg/
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Ponds 'predict Arctic sea-ice melt'

Science Focus

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A UK team believes it can now make skilful predictions of how much sea ice will melt during Arctic summers, and says this year's minimum extent will likely be very similar to last year's. 
#science 
 » see original post http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-27870459#sa-ns_mchannel=rss&ns_source=PublicRSS20-sa
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Helix Nebula, Galaxies and Stars Stickers

Here's a great sheet of stickers featuring a beautiful image from deep space


tagged with: star nurseries, star clusters, galaxies, stars, astronomy, nebulae, helixneb, helix nebula, starfields, european southern observatory, heavens, eso, vista

Galaxies, Stars and Nebulae series A fantastic colour-composite image of the Helix Nebula (NGC 7293). It was created from images obtained using the Wide Field Imager (WFI), an astronomical camera attached to the 2.2-metre Max-Planck Society/ESO telescope at the La Silla observatory in Chile.

The blue-green glow in the centre of the Helix comes from oxygen atoms shining under effects of the intense ultraviolet radiation of the 120 000 degree Celsius central star and the hot gas.

Further out from the star and beyond the ring of knots, the red colour from hydrogen and nitrogen is more prominent. A careful look at the central part of this object reveals not only the knots, but also many remote galaxies seen right through the thinly spread glowing gas.
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image code: helixneb

ESO/J. Emerson/VISTA www.eso.org
Reproduced under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported license.

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Four Lasers over Mauna Kea

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Zazzle Space Gifts for young and old

Horsehead Nebula Room Decal

Here's a great wall decal featuring a beautiful image from deep space


tagged with: horsehead nebula, dark nebula, nebulae, space, astronomy, space exploration, universe, cosmic, milky way galaxy, outer space

A reproduction of a composite colour image of the Horsehead Nebula (also known as Barnard 33 in emission nebula IC 434) and its immediate surroundings. It's based on three exposures in the visual part of the spectrum with the FORS2 multi-mode instrument at the 8.2-m KUEYEN telescope at Paranal. The Horsehead Nebula is a dark nebula in the constellation Orion. The nebula is located just to the south of the star Alnitak, which is farthest west on Orion's Belt, and is part of the much larger Orion Molecular Cloud Complex. The nebula was first recorded in 1888 by Williamina Fleming.
Credit: ESO

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Cone Nebula iPad Mini Case

Here's a great iPad case from Zazzle featuring a Hubble-related design. Maybe you'd like to see your name on it? Click to personalize and see what it's like!


tagged with: cone, nebula, space, image, nasa, hubble, astronomy

A lovely detail of an image of the Cone Nebula thanks to NASA/Hubble.

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Organic conundrum in Large Magellanic Cloud

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(Phys.org) —A group of organic chemicals that are considered carcinogens and pollutants today on Earth, but are also thought to be the building blocks for the origins of life, may hold clues to how carbon-rich chemicals created in stars are processed and recycled in space.



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Video: Cobalt oxide superlattice

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These individual particles of cobalt oxide have been engineered to form a superlattice or 3D mesh structure to improve their chemical activity, explains Giorgio Divitini.



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Mysterious 'magic island' appears on Saturn's moon Titan

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Astronomers have discovered a bright, mysterious geologic object – where one never existed – on Cassini mission radar images of Ligeia Mare, the second-largest sea on Saturn’s moon Titan. Scientifically speaking, this spot is considered a “transient feature,” but the astronomers have playfully dubbed it “Magic Island.”

via Science Daily

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Seeing how a lithium-ion battery works

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New observations by researchers at MIT have revealed the inner workings of a type of electrode widely used in lithium-ion batteries. The new findings explain the unexpectedly high power and long cycle life of such batteries, the researchers say. The findings appear in a paper in the journal Nano Letters co-authored by MIT postdoc Jun Jie Niu, research scientist Akihiro Kushima, professors Yet-Ming Chiang and Ju Li, and three others. Diagram illustrates the process of charging or discharging the lithium iron phosphate (LFP) electrode. As lithium ions are removed during the charging process, it forms a lithium-depleted iron phosphate (FP) zone, but in between there is a solid solution zone (SSZ, shown in dark blue-green) containing some randomly distributed lithium atoms, unlike the orderly array of lithium atoms in the original crystalline material (light blue). This work provides the first direct observations of this SSZ phenomenon. Illustration courtesy of the authors The electrode material studied, lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4), is considered an especially promising material for lithium-based rechargeable batteries; it has already been demonstrated in applications ranging from power tools to electric vehicles to large-scale grid storage. The MIT researchers found that inside this electrode, during charging, a solid-solution zone (SSZ) forms at

The post Seeing how a lithium-ion battery works has been published on Technology Org.

 
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From oldest to youngest

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Space science image of the week: Herschel spots stellar nurseries lined up by age

via ESA Space Science

http://www.esa.int/spaceinimages/Images/2014/06/From_oldest_to_youngest_a_line_of_star_nurseries

Vintage Astronomy Celestial Stars in the Night Sky Print

Here's a great poster featuring a beautiful image from deep space


tagged with: retro, vintage, americana, nostalgia, nostalgic, celestial map, star chart, planisphere, astronomy, zodiac constellations

Vintage illustration astronomy and celestial star chart map by the Dutch cartographer family Frederik de Wit. Frederik de Wit can refer to any of three members (Father, son or grandson) of a family of Dutch engravers, cartographers and publishers. The senior de Wit opened a printing office in Amsterdam under the name "De Witte Pascaert".

Planisphæri cœleste, 1680, is a celestial planisphere featuring the constellations of the northern and southern hemispheres (with the signs of the zodiac), the earth, sun and phases of the moon.

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Carina Nebula - Breathtaking Universe Sticker

Here's a great sheet of stickers featuring a beautiful image from deep space


tagged with: stlrnrsry, star clusters, galaxies, starfields, awesome astronomy pictures, constellation puppis, the stern, star nurseries, exploring outer space, universe pictures, european southern observatory, nebulae, eso, vista

Galaxies, Stars and Nebulae series

A gorgeous set of oval stickers showing the area surrounding the stellar cluster NGC 2467, located in the southern constellation of Puppis ("The Stern"). With an age of a few million years at most, it is a very active stellar nursery, where new stars are born continuously from large clouds of dust and gas.

The image, looking like a colourful cosmic ghost or a gigantic celestial Mandrill, contains the open clusters Haffner 18 (centre) and Haffner 19 (middle right: it is located inside the smaller pink region - the lower eye of the Mandrill), as well as vast areas of ionised gas.

The bright star at the centre of the largest pink region on the bottom of the image is HD 64315, a massive young star that is helping shaping the structure of the whole nebular region.

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Image code: stlrnrsry

ESO/J. Emerson/VISTA www.eso.org
Reproduced under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported license.

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Helix Nebula Room Stickers

Here's a great wall decal featuring a beautiful image from deep space


tagged with: universe, space, science, fiction, astronomy, helix, nebula, eye

Photograph of Helix Nebula by NASA and ESA.

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NGC 3314 iPad MINI COVERS

Here's a great iPad case from Zazzle featuring a Hubble-related design. Maybe you'd like to see your name on it? Click to personalize and see what it's like!


tagged with: ngc 3314,interacting,overlapping,spiral,galaxies,nasa,hubble,space,image

NGC 3314 is a pair of interacting or overlapping spiral galaxies thanks to a June 2012 Hubble NASA space image.

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