Sunday 5 April 2015

Symmetry matters in graphene growth

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What lies beneath growing islands of graphene is important to its properties, according to a new study led

The post Symmetry matters in graphene growth has been published on Technology Org.

 
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Purple Stars Galaxy Space Astronomy Print

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Small Magellanic Cloud Galaxy photograph

This stunning space photograph shows the tip of the Small Magellanic Cloud galaxy (SMC), which is situated about 200,000 light years away. This is a composite image created from data from the Hubble Space Telescope, the Spitzer Space Telescope and the Chandra X-ray Observatory. In this picture, it has a beautiful purple, pink and red appearance, and the sky is studded with bright twinkling stars.

Image Credit: NASA/CXC/JPL-Caltech/STScI

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Your state bird could be extinct by 2080

Science Focus

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By 2080, the skies over North America could be much emptier. A recent report from the National Audubon Society, compiled from data collected over 30 years of bird counts and surveys, shows that more than half of North America's most iconic birds are in serious danger. Of the 588 bird species surveyed, 314 are at risk for losing significant amounts of their habitat to a changing climate.

"Birds are a good barometer of the overall health and wellbeing of the natural systems we depend on for food, water, and clear air," Audubon chief scientist Gary Langham wrote in an email. "If half the birds are at risk, the natural systems we depend upon are at risk too."

(More from World Science Festival: How Alan Turing proved there's no "theory of everything" for math)

Ken Rosenberg, a conservation scientist at Cornell University's Lab of Ornithology, cautions that it can be hard to tie any one specific effect on bird populations directly to climate change — other factors like human development, pollution, and invasive species play big roles. However, both Rosenberg and Langham point to clear examples of climate change affecting the avian landscape. Many birds are shifting their ranges farther north; some migratory species are arriving in the northern areas and the endpoints of their spring migrations earlier and earlier. Higher tides and storm surges are wreaking havoc on the nesting grounds of birds like the Saltmarsh Sparrow and the albatross. And foraging birds that live in Arctic sea ice environments are in decline.

"Some land birds, like the Broad-tailed Hummingbird, are finding that the availability of food supplies no longer matches their migration cycles," Langham says. "And some seabirds, like Atlantic Puffins, are starting to run out of food as ocean temperatures change, causing adults and young to starve."

If our climate continues to change, many birds will lose significant portions of their habitat, especially those birds that live in marshes and beaches, low-lying islands and snowy mountaintops. Tropical forests could dry out, spoiling the wintering spots for migratory birds. Drought and fire could devastate the habitats of prairie birds like the sage grouse. Even tiny differences in temperature can have big impacts. The gray jay, for example, hoards perishable food to get it through the winter, relying on freezing temperatures to keep it from spoiling, but a warmer climate will short-circuit its natural refrigerator.

(More from World Science Festival: Do we live in a cosmic donut, infinite trumpet, or a space Pringle?)

"Every bird species has a 'tolerance zone' for climate conditions," Langham says. "If the climate gets too hot, too cold, too wet or too dry, birds will be forced to leave their homes — but many will have nowhere else to go."

These climate trends are set to impact birds big and small. By 2080, Audubon's model predicts the summer range for bald eagles will shrink to 26 percent of the current extent. New areas could open up for them as areas get warmer, but it isn't certain that food and nesting areas will be available to them in the new spots. Allen's hummingbird could lose up to 90 percent of its summer range. The spotted owl, already a poster child for endangered birds, is expected to lose 98 percent of its wintering grounds. Ten states could lose their state birds — Maryland's Baltimore Oriole, Vermont's Hermit Thrush and the Mountain Bluebird (claimed by both Idaho and Nevada) are all among the imperiled.

But don't count nature out of the game just yet. "A big 'wild card' is the ability of the birds themselves to adapt in ways we can't predict," Rosenberg told us. "For example, some Laysan Albatrosses have begun to nest in suburban yards and rooftops in Hawaii, as their usual nesting areas become more threatened."

Rosenberg is also concerned about how humanity's response to climate change will affect birds. In many areas, he says, sea walls are being built to protect coastal areas without taking into account how they will affect the ecosystem around them. The flow of water, nourishment of marches, and shaping of seaside habitats could all be negatively impacted by hastily built walls. And the rush to create alternative sources of energy has to be done in a smart way, he says. "Paving over fragile desert ecosystems for solar-panel fields, or placing wind farms in critical migration corridors and bottlenecks, or destroying natural habitats around the world to plant biofuels such as corn for ethanol, are NOT smart alternatives" to fossil fuels, Rosenberg says. "We will just be creating new environmental problems in an attempt to solve another."

(More from World Science Festival: There is measure in all things)

Langham urges bird lovers concerned about climate change to speak up.

"We can't afford to sit quietly on the sidelines while a well-funded oil lobby gets a small number of people to intimidate the rest of us," he says. "Decide what you want to say to your child or grandchild in 20 years. The day will come when that generation asks: What did you do to leave a better world when the science was clear? I think about my answer a lot and it motivates me to act boldly."

 
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 » see original post http://theweek.com/articles/441922/state-bird-could-extinct-by-2080
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Carefully timed questions can bias moral decisions

Science Focus

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Where people look while making a decision is an indicator of their thought processes. Given the choice between a candy bar and potato chips, if you look at the chips more, that’s a clue that you’ll probably choose them.

According to a recent paper in PNAS, this influence can work the other way around, too. If you’re forced to make your choice while you’re looking at the candy bar, you’ll probably choose that option—even if you looked at the chips more overall. That is, external influences can play a role in your decision-making.

According to the paper, this phenomenon can hold true even for decisions a lot more complicated and weighty than what snack food you'd prefer. In a series of experiments that focused on moral decision-making, researchers explored whether eye gaze helps track thinking about moral thought processes and whether it can be manipulated to sway decision outcomes.

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 » see original post http://feeds.arstechnica.com/~r/arstechnica/science/~3/m_bdas6Cv_0/
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Giant virus revealed in 3-D using X-ray laser

Science Focus

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For the first time, researchers have produced a 3-D image revealing part of the inner structure of an

The post Giant virus revealed in 3-D using X-ray laser has been published on Technology Org.

 
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 » see original post http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/TechnologyOrgPhysicsNews/~3/Xm5L2aibIMM/
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Carina Nebula in Argo Navis constellation Round Stickers

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Galaxies, Stars and Nebulae series Hubble's view of the Carina Nebula shows star birth in a new level of detail. The fantasy-like landscape of the nebula is sculpted by the action of outflowing winds and scorching ultraviolet radiation from the monster stars that inhabit this inferno. In the process, these stars are shredding the surrounding material that is the last vestige of the giant cloud from which the stars were born. The immense nebula is an estimated 7,500 light-years away in the southern constellation Carina the Keel (of the old southern constellation Argo Navis, the ship of Jason and the Argonauts, from Greek mythology).
The original image is a mosaic of the Carina Nebula assembled from 48 frames taken with Hubble Space Telescope's Advanced Camera for Surveys. The Hubble images were taken in the light of ionized hydrogen. Colour information was added with data taken at the Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory in Chile. Red corresponds to sulfur, green to hydrogen, and blue to oxygen emission.

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Image credit: Hubble Space Telescope; colour data from the Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory, Chile

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Saturn, Tethys, Rings, and Shadows

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Zazzle Space Gifts for young and old

Hubble Images 30 Doradus- NGC 2060 iPad Case

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Nature’s pharmacy – plant-based active substance kills renal cancer cells

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Nature holds many compounds in store that are of great value to medical research. Recently, for example, scientists

The post Nature’s pharmacy – plant-based active substance kills renal cancer cells has been published on Technology Org.

 
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Map of Piri Reis Poster

Here's a great poster featuring a beautiful image from deep space


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It is a fragment of a map developed by Admiral and Ottoman Cartographer Piri Reis in 1513. The map includes gorgeous drawings, accompanied of inscriptions that indicate important discoveries. One of them corresponds, almost with total certainty, the expedition of Pedro Álvares Cabral of 1500. One thinks that Cabral “discovered” Brazil when the winds removed it from their route, in a trip to the Eastern Indians.

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Theoretical study suggests huge lava tubes could exist on moon

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Lava tubes large enough to house cities could be structurally stable on the moon, according to a theoretical study.

via Science Daily

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A Starburst Galaxy - Messier 82 (Cigar Galaxy) Stickers

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Galaxies, Stars and Nebulae series This mosaic image of the magnificent starburst galaxy, Messier 82 (aka Cigar Galaxy) is a really sharp wide-angle view of M82. It is a galaxy remarkable for its webs of shredded clouds and flame-like plumes of glowing hydrogen blasting out from its central regions where young stars are being born 10 times faster than they are inside in our Milky Way Galaxy.

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image code: sbglxymet

Image credit: NASA, ESA and the Hubble Heritage Team STScI/AURA). Acknowledgment: J. Gallagher (University of Wisconsin), M. Mountain (STScI) and P. Puxley (NSF).

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Two-Lobed Planetary Nebula Hubble 5 Covers For iPad

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