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Half Moon Showing Craters
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There are advances being made almost daily in the disciplines required to make space and its contents accessible. This blog brings together a lot of that info, as it is reported, tracking the small steps into space that will make it just another place we carry out normal human economic, leisure and living activities.
Where humans go, garbage tends to follow — and space is no exception. And much like the buildup of trash on Earth, the accumulation of junk in space poses a problem for future generations. Orbital debris, or space junk, is already posing direct threats to satellites and spacecraft: The International Space Station already has to sidestep dangerous pieces of trash, and satellite launches already have to factor debris into their timetables. All the spacefaring nations are trying to find ways to clean up the mess before the ever-growing clutter makes launches impossible. Here's an introduction...
MoreFifty years ago, in June 1964, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute (WHOI) commissioned the Deep Submersible Vehicle (DSV) Alvin. As one of the world's first manned deep ocean research vessels, it quickly ended up on some of the most critical and fascinating missions in naval research history. After several major retrofits over the years, the Alvin celebrates its 50th birthday this weekend with no plans to slow down.
The Alvin was named after Allyn Vine, a geo-physicist at WHOI who pushed the US to develop a manned submersible rather than rely on remote methods of deep-sea exploration. As the geophysics magazine Eos notes, Vine strongly supported sending real humans into the depths of the sea. “I find it difficult to imagine what kind of instrument should have been put on the Beagle instead of Charles Darwin,” the researcher said in 1957.
Alvin was designed by General Mills on a $498,500 contract. It was able to dive 6,000 feet (or about 2,000 meters) and contained a 6-foot diameter steel sphere for pilots and scientists. In one of its first missions in 1966, the submersible was used to search for a lost hydrogen bomb that was dropped when the plane carrying it crashed. Barely a decade later, in 1973, the steel personnel sphere on the Alvin was replaced with a titanium one, which extended its drive range to 12,000 feet (or 3,650 meters) and the Alvin set out to be one of the first vehicles to explore the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, some 3,000 meters down.
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With precarious particles called polaritons that straddle the worlds of light and matter, University of Michigan researchers have demonstrated a new, practical and potentially more efficient way to make a coherent laser-like beam. They have made what’s believed to be the first polariton laser that is fueled by electrical current as opposed to light, and also works at room temperature, rather than way below zero. Those attributes make the device the most real-world ready of the handful of polariton lasers ever developed. It represents a milestone like none the field has seen since the invention of the most common type of laser – the semiconductor diode – in the early 1960s, the researchers say. While the first lasers were made in the 1950s, it wasn’t until the semiconductor version, fueled by electricity rather than light, that the technology took off. This work could advance efforts to put lasers on computer circuits to replace wire connections, leading to smaller and more powerful electronics. It may also have applications in medical devices and treatments and more. The researchers didn’t develop it with a specific use in mind. They point out that when conventional lasers were introduced, no one envisioned how ubiquitous they
The post A new way to make laser-like beams using 250x less power has been published on Technology Org.
Scientists from Queen Mary University of London have shown that stem cell behaviour can be modified by manipulating the nanoscale properties of the material they are grown on – improving the potential of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering as a result. This photo shows cells adhering to large nanopatterns. The green dots indicate the sites of adhesions, and the red area shows where molecules responsible for contracting the cells are located. Stem cells are special because they are essential to the normal function of our organs and tissues. Previous research shows stem cells grown on hard substrates go on to multiply but do not differentiate: a process by which the cells specialise to perform specific functions in the body. In contrast, stem cells grown on softer surfaces do go on to differentiate. In this new study, published in the journal Nano Letters, the researchers used tiny material patches known as nanopatches to alter the surface of the substrate and mimic the properties of a softer material. “By changing the surface properties like the shape of the substrate at the nanoscale level, we tricked the stem cells to behave differently,” explains co-author Dr Julien Gautrot, from QMUL’s School of Engineering and Materials Science and the Institute of Bioengineering.
The post Stem cells are a soft touch for nano-engineered biomaterials has been published on Technology Org.