Wednesday 6 July 2016

Astronomers find evidence of water clouds in first spectrum of coldest brown dwarf

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Since its detection in 2014, the brown dwarf known as WISE 0855 has fascinated astronomers. Only 7.2 light-years from Earth, it is the coldest known object outside of our solar system. Astronomers have now obtained an infrared spectrum of the brown dwarf using the Gemini North telescope in Hawaii. Among the findings is strong evidence for the existence of clouds of water or water ice, the first such clouds detected outside of our solar system.
via Science Daily
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A faster future: Graphene based optoelectronics

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As an important step towards graphene integration in silicon photonics, researchers have published a paper that shows how graphene can provide a simple solution for silicon photodetection in the telecommunication wavelengths.
via Science Daily

Utilizing a broader share of the solar spectrum

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Small flakes of graphene could expand the usable spectral region of light in silicon solar cells to boost their efficiency, new research shows.
via Science Daily

A new look at the galaxy-shaping power of black holes

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Data from a now-defunct satellite is providing new insights into the complex tug-of-war between galaxies, the hot plasma that surrounds them, and the giant black holes that lurk in their centers. The Japanese space agency Hitomi X-ray Observatory functioned for just over a month before contact was lost and the craft disintegrated. But data obtained during those few weeks was enough to paint a startling new picture of the dynamic forces at work within galaxies.
via Science Daily
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Arp 286: Trio in Virgo

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A remarkable telescopic composition in yellow and blue, this scene features a trio of interacting galaxies almost 90 million light-years away, toward the constellation Virgo. On the right, two, spiky, foreground Milky Way stars echo the trio galaxy hues, a reminder that stars in our own galaxy are like those in the distant island universes. With sweeping spiral arms and obscuring dust lanes, NGC 5566 is enormous, about 150,000 light-years across. Just above it lies small, blue NGC 5569. Near center, the third galaxy, NGC 5560, is multicolored and apparently stretched and distorted by its interaction with NGC 5566. The galaxy trio is also included in Halton Arp's 1966 Atlas of Peculiar Galaxies as Arp 286. Of course, such cosmic interactions are now appreciated as a common part of the evolution of galaxies.
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How can CERN and videogames help medical diagnosis?

A new medical imaging toolbox with applications in cancer diagnosis uses technology from CERN (Image: Ander Biguri)

A new medical imaging toolbox, with applications in cancer diagnosis, uses technology from CERN and the same graphic processors found in videogame consoles. Its medical imaging processing can run around 1000 times faster, which means less radiation for the patient.

This collaboration between CERN and the University of Bath, UK, has created an affordable toolbox for fast 3D X-ray image reconstruction for medical applications.

The toolbox is based on Cone Beam Computer Tomography (CBCT), a type of scanning process that takes a series of 2D X-ray pictures and processes them into a 3D image. Ander Biguri, a PhD student at Bath, modified existing algorithms to run on a laptop fitted with a GPU – the same graphic processor found inside standard videogame consoles.

The software should soon be able to incorporate motion compensation to take into account how internal organs move within the patient’s body as they breathe during the scan. The method will be based on a technique developed for CERN’s Proton Synchrotron [link], where proton bunches are imaged as they whizz around the accelerator.

The new software is called the Tomographic Iterative GPU-based Reconstruction (TIGRE) Toolbox, and is available open source. The hope is that the open source approach will create a meeting point for academics and clinicians that will lead to the technology being adopted more widely. Further improvements are already in the pipeline.

CERN’s Knowledge Transfer group played a key role in this project that was coordinated by Dr. Manuchehr Soleimani, director of Engineering Tomography Lab from the University of Bath, and Dr. Steven Hancock from CERN.

Find out more about this open source project and other CERN-related innovation on CERN’s Knowledge Transfer website


via CERN: Updates for the general public
http://home.cern/about/updates/2016/07/how-can-cern-and-videogames-help-medical-diagnosis

Want to make a splash? TEDxCERN needs you!

TEDxCERN needs people around the world to host web casts for the event, which will take place in November (Image: Maximillien Brice/CERN)

This year’s TEDxCERN invites you to join the action by hosting a satellite event around the world.

Revolutions rarely arrive as fully formed waves of innovation. Rather, they start as small ripples of curiosity that grow, evolve, collide, surprise and multiple as they spread around the world. This year’s TEDxCERN explores that curiosity –ideas that started as ripples in science, technology and education that are merging and converging, creating their own waves of change.

These ideas have no boundaries, and are too big for the CERN campus alone, which is why TEDxCERN is expanding and needs your help to webcast the day at a museum, university, library, tech space or even a coffee shop.

“CERN has a long tradition of collaborating with institutions around the world,” said Charlotte Warakaulle, the Director of International Relations at CERN. “Today, Large Hadron Collider research is performed in more than 60 countries and by 500 institutions. The format of this year’s TEDxCERN reflects a core value of our laboratory.”

Sign up to host an event here.

Speakers will explore the innovations percolating though their fields and around the world. They will share stories about their passions and fascinations and how their research has grown from small ripples of curiosity into waves transforming the way we see and interact with the world around us.

This year scientists had the capacity to speak to the universe for the first time. Two colliding black holes merged into one and created gravitational waves, which scientists recently observed rippling through the Earth. Sheila Rowan from the Institute for Gravitational Research at University of Glasgow and a contributor to the LIGO observatory will discuss how Albert Einstein’s inkling has now opened up a whole new era of astrophysics.

Here on earth, what started as a side project by a medical student is now the predominate method of prenatal testing. Denis Lo will share the technique he developed that uses blood plasma samples from pregnant mothers to look at the DNA of their developing infants, and how this method is now changing the way we monitor our health.

In the skies, speakers will cover topics ranging from drones to dark matter. Michael Grätzel form École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne will share the latest developments in solar technology and Brij Kothari from Planet Read will address how new applications of an old practice is tackling illiteracy in India.

The TEDxCERN event will take place at CERN and at webcast events worldwide on November 5 from 14:00 to 18:30 CET.

Speakers and a list of places hosting a webcast event of TEDxCERN will be available soon. A link to apply for the free ticket to attend the event at CERN will be available in August.  Stay tuned through our social media.


via CERN: Updates for the general public
http://home.cern/about/updates/2016/07/want-make-splash-tedxcern-needs-you